1、英语动词

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2、动词时态动词时态考查要点简述（1）一般现在时考点分析①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）eg: The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100oC.②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。eg: Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other.③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：eg: I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。eg: If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。eg: The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.

3、（2）一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：eg: I met her in the street yesterday.I once saw the famous star here.They never drank wine.I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn’t.②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如：eg: He told me he read an interesting novel last night. ③表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。eg: The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her. He bought a watch but lost it.④常用一般过去时的句型：eg: Why didn’t you / I think of that? I didn’t notice it. I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before. I didn’t recognize him.

4、（3）一般将来时考点分析。①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。eg: We’ll die without air or water.③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：eg: If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确) If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。eg: A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。eg: Autumn harvest is about to start.

5、（4）现在进行时考点分析。①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go; come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：eg: It is raining now. He is teaching English and learning Chinese. I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. We are leaving on Friday. At six I am bathing the baby. (I start bathing the baby before six.) The girl is always talking loud in public.(与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩)②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。(A)表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。(B)表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。(C)表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。(D)表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。

6、（5）现在完成时考点分析。①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。②下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：eg: I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it. If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better. Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.

7、（6）过去完成时考点分析（考核重点）。①常用过去完成时的几种情况：(A)在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned … + to have done。(C)“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.(D)表示“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.②在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。eg: After he (had)left the room, the boss came in. We arrived home before it snowed.

8、（7）过去将来时考点分析。参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。

9、（8）过去进行时考点分析。①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。

10、（9）注意几组时态的区别：①一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。②过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。

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